Starting Your IPM Program

Boise, P., and K. Feeney, 1999. Reducing Pesticides in Schools: How Two Elementary Schools Control Common Pests Using Integrated Pest Management Strategies. S. Wright, ed. Community Environmental Council, Santa Barbara, CA. To request a copy, contact 930 Miramonte Drive, Santa Barbara, CA 93109, Phone: (805) 963-0583, Fax: (805) 962-9080, Email: cecadmin@cecmail.org.

Building Blocks for School IPM.  2002.Crouse, Becky, Ed.; Owens, Kagan, Ed. (Beyond Pesticides, Washington, DC) The manual provides comprehensive information on implementing school IPM, including a practical guide to identifying, preventing, and controlling common school pest problems. It is designed for individuals who are responsible for school pest management. It includes information on why schools should adopt IPM programs, how to develop and implement a program, pest management strategies for structural pests, school IPM experts, a model policy and contract, a non- and least-toxic product guide, and fact sheets on the toxicity of commonly used pesticides in schools. 287p. Contact Beyond Pesticides at National Coalition Against the Misuse of Pesticides, 701 E Street, SE, Suite 200, Washington, DC, 20003, Phone: 202-543-5450, Email: info@beyondpesticides.org.

California Safe Schools.  2003. Los Angeles Unified School District Integrated Pest Management Policy. Web page includes sections entitled Policy Statement, Decision Making Process, Product and Use Approval, Training, Method of IPM Control, Notification, Record Keeping and Reporting, and IPM Procedures Manual. Available at http://www.calisafe.org/policy.html or in pdf format at http://www.calisafe.org/pdf/policy_and_forms.pdf. 

Daar et al., 1997. Appendix B. How to develop an IPM program. Pp. 159-167. In IPM for Schools: A How-to Manual. Available at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ipm/schoolipm/index.html.

Hollingsworth. 2000. Integrated Pest Management Guidelines for Structural Pests: Model Guidelines for Training and Implementation. Developed by the Structural Working Group of the Massachusetts IPM Council. Provides a systematic strategy for addressing specific structural pest situations. Serves as an educational tool for pest control professionals, building managers and homeowners who wish to practice integrated pest management. Specific pests include ants, bedbugs, cockroaches, fleas, flies, rodents, subterranean  termites and more. Also includes a list of pest information Web sites. 58 pages. Contact UMass Extension Bookstore, Draper Hall, 40 Campus Center Way, Amherst, MA  01003-9244; phone (413) 545-5539; fax (413) 545-5174; email nates@umext.umass.edu. 

Koehler, et al., 1999. School IPM Web Site. University of Florida. The national Web site for IPM in schools, including how to get started for parents, administration, faculty/staff and pest managers; basic education and advanced technical information about school IPM; downloadable presentations in html, Acrobat and Powerpoint formats; and links to web sites for state-specific resources, IPM teaching curricula, general IPM, pest control and identification, pesticides and health, State Departments of Education and Health, national and state pest control associations, and fun WWW sites related to school IPM. Available at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/.

Integrated Pest Management Policy Statement for Maine Schools. 2-page document includes thoughts on IPM techniques, pest management objectives, the IPM coordinator, record keeping, notification and posting, pesticide storage and purchase and pesticide applicators. Available in Word or PDF format at http://www.state.me.us/agriculture/pesticides/schoolipm/.

Lame, M. L.  2005.  A Worm in the Teacher's Apple: Protecting America's School Children from Pests and Pesticides.  238 pp.  Authorhouse ISBN 1-4208-3935-7.  Excellent perspective on the shortcomings of current national policy and efforts to implement real IPM in schools, with success stories and mechanics of a program that has reduced pest complaints and pesticide use by as much as 90% in U.S. schools.  http://www.authorhouse.com/BookStore/ItemDetail~bookid~30222.aspx

Merchant and Merchant, 1997. The ABC’s of IPM Video Series: Module 1. An Introduction; Module 2.  Structural Pest Control; Module 3. Food Handling Areas; Module 4. Bids and Contracts; Module 5. The Administrative Challenge; Module 6. Landscape IPM. Available from Distribution and Supply Office, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, P.O. Box 1209, Bryan TX 77806-1209. (979) 845-6571, Fax (979) 862-1566. Also available from the Texas Agricultural Extension Service, http://tcebookstore.org/pubinfo.cfm?pubid=1665

NC State University and NC A & T State University Cooperative Extension.  2002. IPM for North Carolina Schools. This 49-page document is divided into six parts: 1. What is IPM? 2. Adopting and IPM Program 3. Implementing a School IPM Program 4. Sample Forms 5. How to Develop Bid Invitations for IPM Service in Schools and 6. Resources. Available in PDF form at http://ipm.ncsu.edu/urban/cropsci/SchoolIPM/ schoolipm_manual.pdf

Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES), 2002.  Integrated Pest Management for Northeast Schools. Introduction that answers the questions What is IPM? and Why Practice IPM in Schools?; Chapter on the Components of an IPM Program; Chapter on Establishing an IPM Program in Your School; Chapter on Managing Pests Found in Northeast Schools including a detailed list of common pests.  Also includes appendices on School IPM Checklist, Examples of Action Thresholds and General Recommendations for Pesticide Applications. Available from NRAES, Cooperative Extension, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701.  For more information, contact NRAES by phone at 607-255-7654 or fax at 607-254-8770 or email.

NC State University, Michael Waldvogel.  2003. IPM in Schools PowerPoint.  Includes slides on SEPA, inspection and exculsion, roach management, mice management, fly management, and ant management. Available online at http://ipm.ncsu.edu/urban/cropsci/SchoolIPM/presentations.html

New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection and Rutgers Cooperative Extension. 2004. Model School IPM Plan for New Jersey Schools.  The Model provides schools with a template for compliance with the December 2002 New Jersey School IPM Act. Use of the Model Plan itself is voluntary; schools may directly edit it to suit their needs and pest management issues.  The Model Plan specifies what things schools MUST do to be in compliance with the New Jersey School IPM Act.  The Model Plan is currently available in both pdf and Word files on the Rutgers Cooperative Extension Pest Management Office School IPM webpages, http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/ipm/ schoolipm/plan.htm. See a model IPM Policy for New Jersey schools here. 

Pennsylvania IPM Program.  2004. Pennsylvania School IPM Manual. New edition of the manual contains sections on mosquito and tick IPM as well as more references and information on new IPM legislation. The manual also includes chapters on suggestions for setting up an IPM program in schools and developing an IPM policy and a sample policy from the Pennsylvania School Boards Association. Additionally, the manual contains a listing of commonly encountered pests in and around schools as well as information on the biology, identification and management of various types of pests. Available for purchase through the Publications Distribution Center, Penn State University, 112 Agricultural Administration Bldg., University Park, PA. Call (877) 345-0691(toll free) to order by phone.

Purdue University.  2003.  Offering Sound Pest Management Advice to the Public. (PPP-62). 40-page softcover book offers sound and simple advice targeted at retailers (pesticide consultants according to Indiana law) and others who sell pesticides and offer pesticide advice. Covers topics such as Customer Needs, Pest Identifications, Buying Pesticides, Caring for Pesticides at Home, Following Labels, Safety Equipment, Container Disposal, Spills, Hiring a Professional, and web resources. Available to be downloaded for free at http://www.btny.purdue.edu/PPP/

Rutgers Cooperative Extension. 2003.  How NY & NJ Schools Can Make the Grade in School IPM. The one-page brochure details how to get started in IPM.  Outlines where to get information on national and regional (New York and New Jersey) resources and contacts in School IPM. Available at http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/IPM/SchoolIPM/ brochure.html.

Rutgers Cooperative Extension. 2003. IPM Report Card for School Grounds.  These cards provide a series of self-assessment tools that will allow schools to measure their adoption of IPM on school grounds. There are five report cards divided into the following categories: General Requirements, Athletic Fields, Turf, Ornamental Plants and Landscape Plantings.  Available at http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/IPM/ SchoolIPM/reportcard.html.

Rutgers Cooperative Extension.  2003.  School IPM Resource Guide for New York and New Jersey. This 39-page resource guide is separated into three sections: General Resources for School IPM & IPM, NJ Resources for School IPM and NY Resources for School IPM. Available at http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/IPM/SchoolIPM/ resources.html.

Safer Pest Control Project. Many resources including an IPM Handbook, a PDF document that includes chapters titled IPM and notification checklist, summary of state laws requiring IPM and notification, definition of IPM, IPM policy, IPM participants, practicing IPM, and pesticides applications notifications. Also check out the ABC's of IPM Implementation in Your School District. Both are available after free registration at http://www.spcpweb.org/schools/.

University of Florida.  2001.  School IPM Model Contract. Extensive outline designed to be used by officials working in schools, such as purchasing agents, who are responsible for procuring pest management services.  Available at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/doc/model_contract.htm.

Washington Toxics Coalition. 2001.  Model Least Toxic IPM Policy. Includes sections entitled Pesticide Use and Selection, Notification and Timing, Recordkeeping, Pest Management Committee, Progress Review, Right to Appeal, and Identification and Notification of Sensitive Individuals. Available at http://www.watoxics.org/content/pdf/IPMPolicy.pdf.

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IPM Planning and Communication

Becker, B., 2000. Qualities to Look for in a Professional Pest Control Operator (PCO). Guidelines for  evaluating pest management professionals, including qualifications, services offered, IPM approach, use of pesticides, record keeping. Available at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/admn_con.htm.

Browner, C., 1993. Pest Control in the School Environment. US Environmental Protection Agency, Washington D.C. 43 pp. Model IPM policy statement.

California Department of Pesticide Regulation. IPM Coordinator Job Description. Read description here.

Daar et al., 1997. Chapter 3. Setting injury and action thresholds, pp. 15-18; Appendix A. IPM-related curricula and resources for the classroom, pp. 157-158; Appendix B. How to develop an IPM program, pp. 159-167; Appendix C. Developing an IPM policy statement for school pest management, pp. 169-170; Appendix D. Integrated pest management (IPM) contract performance specifications, pp. 171- 175. In IPM for Schools: A How-to Manual. Setting action thresholds; descriptions and contact information for IPM-related games, projects and curriculum guides; pest management roles; model IPM policy statement; model pest control service contract specifications. Available at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ipm/schoolipm/index.html.

Illinois EPA.  2003. Green Schools Checklist: Environmental Actions for Schools to Consider. 24-page checklist includes sections entitled management strategies, energy use, indoor air quality, solid waste, hazardous material, mercury use, laboratory waste, mold growth, water consumption, building construction and renovation, purchasing, pest management, groundskeeping, and food service. Available in PDF form at http://www.epa.state.il.us/ green-illinois/green-schools/green-schools-checklist.pdf.  

Illinois State Board of Education. 2000. Integrated Pest Management and Notification Handbook.  38 pp. Model documents: IPM policy statement, contract specifications, inspection checklist, pest sighting log, trap/bait monitoring form, application notification form; summary and text of IL state laws; guidelines for pest tolerance levels. Available 
at http://www.isbe.net/construction/pdf/IPM.PDF.

Koehler et al., 1999. School IPM Web Site. University of Florida. Model IPM policy statement; model pest control service contract specifications; model IPM training and workshop agendas; model pest sightings log; model intent to apply pesticides notice; setting action thresholds; links to national and state resources for IPM in schools and IPM-related curricula resources. Available at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/.

Krieger, R. 2000. Policing Pests: Why Boards Need Pest-Management Policies. American School Board Journal. Vol 187. pp. 52-54. Article divided into three sections: "Educating the Community", "Alternatives to Pesticides" and "What Parents Need to Know."  "Educating the Community" advocates developing a school plan to let parents know schools are using pesticides responsibly. "Alternatives to Pesticides" recommends IPM as a strategy for schools to use.  "What Parents Need to Know" talks about IPM policy and keeping parents involved.  Insert entitled "Schools Curtail Pesticide Use" briefly discusses LAUSD use of IPM. 

Legal Environmental Assistance Foundation Inc., 1998. Community Action to Manage Pesticide Use in Schools (Campus): A Georgia Guide. 70 pp. Summary of pesticide and pest control regulations and policies; model IPM policies; step-by-step guide to establishing an IPM program in schools; model job descriptions for IPM committees and IPM coordinators; model facilities survey form; model IPM service log, pest report log, pesticide application logs. Available from LEAF, 1114 Thomasville Rd., Suite E, Tallahassee FL 32303-6290, (850) 681-2591, Fax (850) 224-1275. Email, Website: http://www.leaf-envirolaw.org.

Maine School Integrated Pest Management Program. A Model Integrated Pest Management Policy Statement for Maine Schools. 2-page document includes 
thoughts on IPM techniques, pest management objectives, the IPM coordinator, record keeping, notification and posting, pesticide storage and purchase and pesticide applicators. Available in Word or PDF format at http://www.state.me.us/agriculture/pesticides/schoolipm/.

Maine School IPM Program.  Suggested [ Pest ] Notification Template.  Document in the form of a letter to parent, guardian or staff form the school available with or without registry option for parents. Available in PDF or Word format at http://www.state.me.us/agriculture/pesticides/schoolipm/.

Maryland Department of Agriculture. Action Thresholds in School IPM Programs. Pesticide Regulation Section, Annapolis, MD. 10 pp. Available at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/tp.htm.

Merchant and Merchant, 1997. The ABC's of IPM Video Series: Module 1. An 
Introduction; Module 4. Bids and Contracts; Module 5. The Administrative Challenge. Available from Distribution and Supply Office, Texas Agricultural Extension Service, P.O. Box 1209, Bryan TX 77806-1209. (979) 845-6571, FAX (979) 862-1566.

Mertz, et al. Maryland Department of Agriculture, Pesticide Regulation Section publishes report entitled Contracting Guidelines for IPM Services in Maryland Public Schools. Includes an introduction to IPM in schools, general contracting components of IPM in schools, and general information on pest control, program reporting, evaluating and training. Also includes a synopsis of Maryland Pesticide Applicators Law and Regulations. Available in PDF form at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/admn_con.htm.

Minnesota Department of Health, 2000. Model Pesticide Notice. Model notices to parents and school employees of pesticide applications, conforming to requirements of MN State law. Available at http://www.health.state.mn.us/divs/eh/pesticide/notices/index.html.

NC State University and NC A & T State University Cooperative Extension.  2002. IPM for North Carolina Schools. This 49-page document is divided into six parts: 1. What is IPM? 2. Adopting and IPM Program 3. Implementing a School IPM Program 4. Sample Forms 5. How to Develop Bid Invitations for IPM Service in Schools and 6. Resources. Available in PDF form at http://ipm.ncsu.edu/urban/cropsci/SchoolIPM/ schoolipm_manual.pdf .

Nagy, J. 2000. ESchool News Online. "School Pesticide Question Challenges Policymakers." Discusses federal and state's school pesticide legislation, as well as adjustments to local school district policy.  

Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides, 1994. Model IPM policy statement. Available at http://www.pesticide.org/default.htm.

Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES), 2002.  Integrated Pest Management for Northeast Schools. Introduction that answers the questions What is IPM? and Why Practice IPM in Schools?; Chapter on the Components of an IPM Program; Chapter on Establishing an IPM Program in Your School; Chapter on Managing Pests Found in Northeast Schools including a detailed list of common pests.  Also includes appendices on School IPM Checklist, Examples of Action Thresholds and General Recommendations for Pesticide Applications. Available from NRAES, Cooperative Extension, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701. For more information, contact NRAES by phone at 607-255-7654 or fax at 607-254-8770 or email.

Pennsylvania State University IPM Program.  Site has many school IPM resources including a Ten Commandments of IPM for the Classroom and a how-to manual for Pennsylvania schools. Go to http://paipm.cas.psu.edu/pubs.html for more.

President's Task Force on Environmental Health Risks and Safety Risks to Children. 2003. Inventory of Federal School Environmental Health Activities.  Inventory systematically lists all federal agencies' school environmental health programs. Includes the U.S. Departments of Agriculture, Education, Energy, Health and Human Services, Labor, Interior as well as extensive lists of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's current projects and resources.  In PDF at http://yosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/content/Inventory.htm/ $file/Inventory.pdf. Also available in HTML version at http://yosemite.epa.gov/ochp/ochpweb.nsf/content/whatwe_tf_proj.htm.

Safer Pest Control Project. Model IPM policy statement conforming with IL State Law; "Cost of IPM in Schools, " two-page fact sheet in PDF format includes cost comparisons from school systems; "Guidelines for IPM in School Pest Management Contracts," one-page PDF fact sheet designed to help schools incorporate IPM into existing contracts with pest management professionals; pesticide application notification guidelines and model language. Available at http://www.spcpweb.org/.

Safer Pest Control Project. Integrated Pest Management in Schools: A Better Method. This 12-minute video is aimed at helping schools, parents, pest control operators, and other groups understand and promote School IPM. Filmed at a Chicago-area school that has practiced IPM since 1994, it features testimony and advice from the school's pest control operator and operations manager. It addresses concerns about pesticide use, the advantages of practicing IPM, and the basic components of IPM. For more information, go to http://www.spcpweb.org/attachments/ipmvideoColor3.pdf or call Safer Pest Control Project at (312) 641-5575.

Stauffer et al., 1998. Chapter 3.0. Administration of an IPM program. Pp. 3-1 to 3-26 In IPM Workbook for New York State Schools. IPM policy statements, roles, education and training, record keeping, notification, model bid specifications, model rating system for evaluating pest control bids. Available at http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/publications/school_wkbk/files/schoolwkbk.pdf.

"Sustainable Schools Minnesota: High Performance Schools for Higher Performing Students." 2000. LHB Engineers and Architects, Factor 10, LLC, Intep/AW Consulting, and Elk River Area School District. Funded by the MN Office of Environmental Assistance, this free 56-page document is aimed at school board members and other decision-makers involved in the design, construction, and management of schools, and aims to help them with pre-design decisions that can lead to higher performing schools and students.  Sections of this report include: Introduction: Schools as Symbols, Highlights of High Performance School Design, Financial Implications of High Performance Schools, Process Overview, Components of High Performance School Design, and Case Examples. Free copies of the report are available from the OEA's Education Clearinghouse at (651) 215-0232 or (800) 877-6300 or via email.

Texas Cooperative Extension. Model IPM Policy Statement. Includes definitions, development of IPM plans, essential IPM principles, pesticides use is school facilities, cooperation with IPM coordinator, contractual agreements with IPM providers, facilities planning, cooperation with regulatory agencies, and licensing and training for pesticide applicators. Available at http://schoolipm.tamu.edu/resources/documents/model_policy_statment.pdf. 

Texas Structural Pest Control Board. Revised 2001. Pest Control in the School Environment: Adopting Integrated Pest Management. Explains IPM, IPM policy, pesticide classification, how to establish an IPM program for schools, and elements of bid specifications. Available at http://www.spcbtx.org/ipm/Texas%20Adopt%20IPM.htm. 

US EPA.  2002.  EPA Guide to Protecting Children's Health in Schools. The US EPA has created an online or downloadable guide to identifying potential hazards in schools. The guide includes planning tools, a virtual tour of a school to help identify hazards, a section on case studies as well as a list of resources and contacts. Available at http://www.epa.gov/seahome/child.html.

US General Services Agency, 1999. Contract Guide Specifications for Integrated Pest Management Programs in Government Buildings and Schools. 7 pp. Suggested guidelines for use when contracting with a pest management professional for services, including inspection, IPM plan, use of pesticides, recordkeeping. Available at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/admn_con.htm.

University of Florida. 2001.  Intent to Apply Pesticides document. One page model of intent to apply form. Available in PDF version at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/doc/Apply.pdf.

University of Florida. 2001.  School IPM Model Contract. Extensive outline designed to be used by officials working in schools, such as purchasing agents, who are responsible for procuring pest management services.  Available at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/doc/model_contract.htm.

Vermont School IPM.  2002.  Sample School IPM Plan, Draft School IPM Policy Statement for Vermont Schools, Draft Notification and Registry Letter for parents, staff and faculty, Draft Notification Letter for parents, staff and faculty, Pest Reporting Forms, Pest Sighting Log and Pesticide Use Log all available on the Vermont School IPM website, http://pss.uvm.edu/pd/schoolipm/.

Washington Toxics Coalition.  2001.  Model Least Toxic IPM Policy. Includes sections entitled Pesticide Use and Selection, Notification and Timing, Recordkeeping, Pest Management Committee, Progress Review, Right to Appeal, and Identification and Notification of Sensitive Individuals. Available at http://www.watoxics.org/content/pdf/IPMPolicy.pdf.

West Virginia Dept. of Agriculture, 1999. Integrated Pest Management in Schools and Other Public Institutions: Best Management Practices. Model IPM policy, setting action thresholds, vendor evaluation criteria and contracts. Available from the WV Dept. of Agriculture, 1900 Kanawha Boulevard E., Charleston WV 25305-0170.

Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection. 2003.  Frequently Asked Questions About School IPM Pesticide Use on Public School Grounds. Includes sections entitled definitions, pesticides use requirements, applicability of pesticide use law, responsibilities of the school board and pesticide applicator, product labels, exemptions from the law, certification categories, licensing of certified applicators, hiring a commercial applicator, warning signs, and record keeping.  Available at http://www.datcp.state.wi.us/arm/agriculture/pest-fert/pesticides/pdf/IPM_FAQ_revised_
October_2003.pdf.

Williams, G.M., H. M. Linker, M.G. Waldvogel, R.B. Leidy and C. Schal.  2005.  Comparison between conventional and Integrated Pest Management Programs in public schools.  J. Econ. Entomol. 98(4): 1275-1283.  Cost to deliver IPM was similar to conventional and pest control was equivalent, with less pesticide used and fewer pesticide residues present in the IPM school.  PDF.

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Inspection, Sanitation and Exclusion

Daar et al., 1997. Appendix E. Sample monitoring forms, pp. 177-194; Appendix F. How to collect and preserve specimens for identification, pp. 195-196; Appendix I. Inspection checklist for detecting structural decay and structural pest damage, pp. 209-213. In IPM for Schools: A How-to Manual. Model monitoring forms for roach traps and landscapes, model pest control trouble call log; collecting pest and plant specimens; locations and features to inspect in and around structures with detailed instructions. Available at lhttp://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ipm/schoolipm/index.html. 

Fournier. 2001. IPM Inspections Web Site. Purdue University. Pest vulnerable areas, Tools and Access, Inspection Questions, Recommendations, Inspection Forms and Checklists, and IPM Inspection of School Grounds.  Index and PDF version available at http://www.entm.purdue.edu/entomology/ outreach/ choolipm/1pmp/pmpins.htm.
    
Koehler et al., 1999. School IPM Web Site. University of Florida. Model cafeteria inspection checklist, importance of sanitation. Available at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/ index.html.

NC State University and NC A & T State University Cooperative Extension.  2002. IPM for North Carolina Schools. This 49-page document is divided into six parts: 1. What is IPM? 2. Adopting and IPM Program 3. Implementing a School IPM Program 4. Sample Forms 5. How to Develop Bid Invitations for IPM Service in Schools and 6. Resources.  Available in PDF form at http://ipm.ncsu.edu/urban/cropsci/SchoolIPM/ schoolipm_manual.pdf.

NC State University, Michael Waldvogel.  2003. IPM in Schools PowerPoint.  Includes slides on SEPA, inspection and exculsion, roach management, mice management, fly management, and ant management. Available online at http://ipm.ncsu.edu/urban/cropsci/SchoolIPM/presentations.html.

Smith-Fiola, D. ed., 2000. Landscape Integrated Pest Management: An Alternative Approach to Traditional Landscape Maintenance. Sixth Edition. 259 pp. Basic and advanced monitoring methods, record keeping, site mapping, equipment. Available from Publications Distribution Center, Cook College, Rutgers University, 57 Dudley Road, New Brunswick NJ 08901-8520. (732) 932-9762, Web site http://www.rce.rutgers.edu/.

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Pest and Pesticide Risk Management

American School and University.  1999. "A Bug's Life." Explains the use of integrated pest management (IPM) to help make schools safer and provide a healthier environment for students and staff. Cost considerations when implementing an IPM are discussed as are key factors in establishing a program. Available at http://asumag.com/mag/university_bugs_life/. 

Ard, J. IPM Associates, Inc. "Fundamentals of a Low Maintenance, Integrated Pest Management Approach to Landscape Design." Published on the Integrated Pest Management Practitioners Association Web site, this article discusses the design/maintenance interface; key considerations for low maintenance IPM-based landscape designs, and construction practices.  Available at http://www.efn.org/~ipmpa/des-cnsd.html.

Attorney General of New York, New York State Dept. of Law, and Environmental Protection Bureau.  1996.  Pesticides in Schools: Reducing the Risks. Based on concerns that children and staff may be unnecessarily and unwittingly exposed to pesticides in their schools, the New York Attorney General's Office initiated a state-wide study of pesticide use in New York State in the public schools. This report describes this state-wide survey, provides information about some of the potential dangers of these chemicals, and recommends steps that schools and communities can take to minimize pesticide use. 33p.  Available on http://www.oag.state.ny.us/environment/schools96.html.

Beyond Pesticides.  2000.  Health Effects of 48 Commonly Used Pesticides in Schools. 2-page chart summarizes the effects of 48 commonly used pesticides in schools on children's health. Available at http://www.beyondpesticides.org/schools/publications/48%20School%20Pesticides.pdf.

Beyond Pesticides.  2002.  Ten Myths Behind Pesticide-Dependent Pest Management in Schools. 4-page fact sheet that "debunks opponents to school integrated pest management, pesticide bans and notification programs."  Available at http://www.beyondpesticides.org/schools/publications/Ten_Myths.pdf.

Bio-Integral Resource Center, 2000. Directory of Least-Toxic Pest Control Products. The IPM Practitioner 21: (11/12) 1-38. List of least-toxic controls by target pest, including insect, plant disease, weed and vertebrate pests; list of suppliers with contact information. Available from BIRC, PO Box 7414 , Berkeley CA 94707. (510) 524-2567, FAX (510) 524-1758, Email, Website http://www.birc.org.

Braness, G., 1997. Chapter 23. Insecticides used in pest control. Pp. 1061-1101. In Handbook of Pest Control, A. Mallis, ed. B&W photos, chemical classifications, mode of actions, formulations and table of insecticides with trade names, common names, US EPA signal word and uses. Available from GIE Media, (800) 456-0707 or from Amazon.com.

California State Parent Teacher Association Newsletter.  1998.  "Pesticides In Our Schools." Newsletter discusses use of pesticides on school grounds, parking lots, tracks, play areas, cafeterias, classrooms, gymnasiums and rest rooms, causing acute and chronic health problems.  

City of Seattle, 1999. Pesticide Use Reduction Strategy. Model pesticide use and risk reduction strategy. Available at http://www.ci.seattle.wa.us/environment/pesticides.htm.

Cleaning and Maintenance Management Online.  2000. "EPA Encourages Schools to Adopt Pest-Control Option." The Environmental Protection Agency says school administrators and facility managers who make pest control decisions for school buildings and grounds should become aware of the pest control options available to them. Schools across the nation adopting such programs have reported successful, cost-effective conversion to IPM, which can reduce the use of chemicals and provide economical and effective pest suppression. Available at http://www.facility-maintenance.com/ article.asp?IndexID=6630599.

Daar et al., 1997. Appendix G. Pesticide information resources. Pp. 197-198. In IPM for Schools: A How-to Manual. Contact information for non-governmental sources of information on pesticides and pesticide risk management. Available at http://www.epa.gov/pesticides/ipm/schoolipm/index.html. 

Dahlgren, S.  2000.  Athletic Business.  "Fowl Play." Discusses ways some 
universities have dealt with eliminating insects and wildlife from their athletic fields, the types of problems to look for, the damage pests can cause, the safety issues involved, and tips on remedies are examined.  Available at http://www.athleticbusiness.com/files/AB-0100-62.pdf.

Dame, D.A. and T.R. Fasulo, eds., 2000. Safe Use of Pesticides. 38 pp.   Public health issues, pesticide toxicology, classifications, labels, spill handling, fire prevention and fighting. Available at http://vector.ifas.ufl.edu/manual.htm.

Green, S. G., 1997. Chapter 28. Itches, illusions and phobias. Pp. 1271-1323. In Handbook of Pest Control, A. Mallis, ed. Potential causes of itching and rashes, including insects, mites and causes unrelated to pests; chemical sensitivity. Available from GIE Media, (800) 456-0707 or from Amazon.com.

Healthy Schools Network, Inc.  1999.  Children, Learning, and Poisons Don't Mix: Kick the Pesticide Habit. This 8-page brochure examines basic information about pesticides and their use in and around schools, how children are exposed to pesticides and their health effects, and how a school can kick the habit of using pesticides. To order, write Healthy Schools Network, Inc., 773 Madison Avenue, Albany, NY 12208; Tel: 518-462-0632, ERIC NO: ED447680.

James, A.  2000.  School Planning and Management.  "Keep Pests from Becoming a Problem in Your School." Examines the use of pesticides in an integrated pest management (IPM) program. The three steps to creating an IPM are discussed along with IPM personnel communication requirements and the need for written policies managed by a knowledgeable coordinator. 

Mueller, D. K., 1997. Chapter 24. Fumigation. Pp. 1103-1152. In Handbook of Pest  Control, A. Mallis, ed. B&W photos, line drawings, mode of action, safety, heat treatment. Available from GIE Media, (800) 456-0707 or from Amazon.com.

National Environmental Education & Training Foundation.  2003.   National pesticide practice skills guidelines for medical & nursing practice. The National Environmental Education & Training Foundation (NEETF), in partnership with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and in collaboration with the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, the U.S. Department of Agriculture, and the U.S. Department of Labor, has published guidelines that will serve as tools for focusing schools and practicum programs on pesticide health education, provide guidance directly to nurses and physicians  to advance their awareness and skill in recognizing and managing pesticide-related illness, and act as a model for faculty and administrators in integrating specific pesticide issues into education and training.  These documents can be viewed and downloaded at http://www.guideline.gov/summary/summary.aspx?ss=15&doc_id=4993&nbr=3533.  Paper copies will be available later this year.  For more information, contact: The National Environmental Education & Training Foundation, National Strategies for Health Care Providers: Pesticides Initiative; 1707 H Street, NW, Suite 900, Washington, DC, 20006-3915; 202-833-2933 x 535.

National Pesticide Telecommunications Network. Toll-free telephone service provides pesticide information, fact sheets on pesticides and anti-microbials. (800) 858-7378. More at http://ace.orst.edu/info/nptn/index.html.

Natural Resource, Agriculture, and Engineering Service (NRAES), 2002.  Integrated Pest  Management for Northeast Schools. Introduction that answers the questions What is IPM? and Why Practice IPM in Schools?; Chapter on the Components of an IPM Program; Chapter on Establishing an IPM Program in Your School; Chapter on Managing Pests Found in Northeast Schools including a detailed list of common pests.  Also includes appendices on School IPM Checklist, Examples of Action Thresholds and General Recommendations for Pesticide Applications. Available from NRAES, Cooperative Extension, 152 Riley-Robb Hall, Ithaca, NY 14853-5701.  For more information, contact NRAES by phone at 607-255-7654 or fax at 607-254-8770 or email.

Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides, 1999. School Pesticide Use 
Reduction Program. Fact sheets on pesticides and alternatives to pesticides, 
Journal of Pesticide Reform quarterly newsletter. Available at http://www.pesticide.org/default.htm.

Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides. 2000.  Unintended Casualties: Five Stories of Children Whose Lives Were Profoundly Affected by Exposure to Pesticides at School. This 5-page supplementary packet highlights five school pesticide exposure incidents and personalizes them in a way not possible in the Appendix of the larger report. Available at http://www.pesticide.org/ UnthinkableRisk.html.

Northwest Coalition for Alternatives to Pesticides.  2000.  Unthinkable Risk: How Children are Exposed and Harmed When Pesticides are Used at School.  50-page report includes a Summary and Introduction, Pesticide Contamination of Indoor Air and Surfaces, Pesticide Contamination of Soil, Vegetation, Turf, and the Outdoor Environment, Breathing, Touching, Tasting: How Children can Inhale, Absorb, or Ingest Pesticide Residues and Vapors, Learning the Hard Way: Actual School Pesticide Exposure Incidents, Recommendations for Parents, Schools, States, and the Federal Government, References, List of School Pesticide Exposure Incidents, California Incidents, Idaho, Montana, Oregon and Washington Incidents, and Incidents in Other States. Available at http://www.pesticide.org/ UnthinkableRisk.html.

Pesticide Action Network. 2000.  PAN Pesticide Database. Comprehensive online database on the health hazards of more than 5,100 ingredients in pesticides including whether a pesticide is a carcinogen, a reproductive or developmental toxicant or causes other harm to health and which chemicals pollute ground water or kill aquatic wildlife. Sources include the World Health Organization, National Institutes of Health, National Toxicology Program, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and independent published 
and peer-reviewed research. Available at http://www.pesticideinfo.org.

Ross, Z and Walker, B.  1998.  An Ill Wind: Methyl Bromide Use Near California Schools. The Environmental Working Group provides a 40-page California study that examines the use of methyl bromide near public schools.  Available at http://www.ewg.org/reports/an_ill_wind/pressrelease.html or, to order, write the Environmental Working Group, 1718 Connecticut Ave., N.W., Suite 600, Washington, DC 20009; Tel: 202-667-6982.

Rutgers Cooperative Extension.  2003. IPM Report Card for School Grounds.  Report cards provide a series of self-assessment tools that will allow schools to measure their adoption of IPM on school grounds.  There are five report cards divided into the following categories: General Requirements, Athletic Fields, Turf, Ornamental Plants and Landscape Plantings. Available at http://www.pestmanagement.rutgers.edu/IPM/ SchoolIPM/reportcard.html.

Safer Pest Control Project.  2-page fact sheet entitled Pesticides in Schools: What are the Health Risks? Includes information on health risks, cancer and asthma, and IPM as a possible solution. Available at http://www.spcpweb.org/schheal.pdf.

Stauffer et al., 1998. Safety precautions and personal protection for the applicator and worker. Pp. 6-1 to 6-16. In IPM Workbook for New York State Schools. Protective equipment and clothing for pesticide applicators; pesticide transport, handling, storage, application and cleanup safety. Available at http://www.nysipm.cornell.edu/ publications/schoolwkbk.pdf.

Texas, State of, 1999. Integrated pest management in schools. Structural Pest Control Board. Red/Yellow/Green pesticide risk ranking system. Available at http://www.spcb.state.tx.us/ipm/ipmindex.htm.

Tucker, J.B., 1997. Chapter 29. Sensitive environments. Pp. 1325-1366. In Handbook of Pest Control, A. Mallis, ed. Pest management principles and strategies for sensitive environments including schools. Available from GIE Media, (800) 456-0707 or from Amazon.com.

United States Poison Control Center Central Hotline. Officials launched the national hotline, 1-800-222-1222, and applauded it as an overdue coordination of the country's 65 separately-run poison centers. Callers dialing the number will be automatically linked to the closest poison center.  

United States Senate.  1999.  Pesticides: Use, Effects, and Alternatives to Pesticides in Schools. Report to the Ranking Minority Member, Committee on Governmental Affairs. The 18-page report addresses the following questions: 1) what federal requirements govern the use of pesticides in schools? 2) what information exists on the use of pesticides in schools? 3) what data exist on the incidences of short and long term illnesses linked to exposure to pesticides in schools? 4) are the EPA and the states taking actions, where appropriate, to reduce the use of pesticides in schools, and if so, what are the results of these efforts?  Available at http://www.gao.gov/archive/2000/rc00017.pdf or, to order a hard copy, contact the U.S. General Accounting Office, P.O. Box 37050, Washington, DC 20013; Tel: 202-512-6000.  Report NO: GAO/RCED-00-17.

University of Florida. 2001. IPM Cafeteria Inspection Checklist. A model IPM cafeteria inspection checklist for schools. Available in PDF version at http://schoolipm.ifas.ufl.edu/doc/cafe2.pdf.  

University of Maryland.  Pesticide Information Leaflet Series. Series of 29 downloadable leaflets in pdf format including insect repellant safety, pesticide safe use checklist, protecting ground water, pesticides associated with skin diseases, reading pesticide labels, multiple chemical sensitivity, pesticides and cancer, pesticides and the endocrine system. Available at http://www.entmclasses.umd.edu/PeapPubs/LeafletList.jsp. 

University of Nebraska.  Pesticide applicator training manuals. Includes Applying Pesticides Correctly, Private Applicator Self-Study Manual, and a series of category manuals including aerial, agricultural, aquatic, ornamentals, structural, etc.  Manuals include self-study guides and tests.  http://pested.unl.edu/training.htm.

Back to Links & Resources - Contents

General Resources for School IPM

Arguello, M., Campbell, K., Kegley, S., Ille, T., Porter, C., Undem, M.  2001.  Healthy Schools Campaign Pesticide Action Kit. This English/Spanish informational kit contains resource materials that school administrators and parents can use to help them eliminate hazardous pesticide use around their schools.  The kit looks at how to organize community interest in least-toxic Integrated Pest Management policy, and it presents resources on the toxicity and health impacts of pesticides applied in schools. The kit's informational sheets are entitled as follows: "What is the Healthy Schools Act?;" "Ten Steps to a Healthy  School;" "Notification: Your Right to Know;" "Kids at Risk: Pesticides & Children's Health;" "What Are the Alternatives;" "Hazards of Common Pesticides;" and "Pesticide Information Online." A sample school policy and a resource list are included. 20p.  To order, write Californians for Pesticide Reform, 49 Powell Street, Suite 530, San Francisco, CA 94102. Tel: 1-415-981-3939.

Becker, B., E. Bergman, N. Zuelsdorff, K. Fenster, B. Swingle and J. Larson. 1998. Final Report on Pesticide Use in Wisconsin Schools. Wisconsin Department of Agriculture, Trade and Consumer Protection, Madison WI.

Benbrook, C. M., E. Groth, J. M. Halloran, M. K. Hansen and S. Marquardt. 1996. Pest Management at the Crossroads. 272 pp. Consumers Union, Yonkers NY. ISBN 0-89043-900-1.

Boise, P., and K. Feeney.